Journal of Forensic & Investigative Accounting
Senior Editor
D. Larry Crumbley
Louisiana State University
Department of Accounting
3106A Patrick Taylor Hall
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Phone: 225-578-6231
Fax: 225-578-6201
dcrumbl@lsu.edu
Editor
Tanweer Hasan
Roosevelt University
430 S. Michigan Avenue
Chicago, IL 60605
Phone: 847-619-4886
Fax: 847-619-4852
thasan@roosevelt.edu
Volume 2: No. 1, January-June, 2010
Table of Contents
- Chih-Chen Lee
- Robert B. Welker
- Donald L. Ariail
- J.P. Blair
- L. Murphy Smith
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
- Mohammad J. Abdolmohammadi
- William J. Read
- Ronald J. Huefner
The paper describes the forensic audit carried out by state auditors in the case of a major fraud in a local school district. Two lengthy public reports by the State Comptroller’s Office provide richness of detail for this illustration.
Even in the face of missing documents and records and manipulation of the accounting system, auditors were able to reach a good understanding of what had transpired, how it had been accomplished, how much loss the school district had incurred, and who was responsible. The thoroughness of the audit led to the subsequent conviction of most of the perpetrators.
- Lisa Bryant
- Steven L. Henning
- Wayne H. Shaw
- Kevin L. James
- Scott J. Seipel
Results also indicate that internal audit departments that report to senior management are perceived as less likely to prevent financial statement fraud than outsourced internal audit functions, even when the function is outsourced to the financial statement auditor. This finding implies that the SEC should consider more closely whether to regulate the relationship between the audit committee and the internal auditor. The internal audit profession may also take voluntary actions to enhance corporate governance and public perceptions.
- Melvin Ventura
- Shirley J. Daniel
- Bruce R. Neumann
- Maggie Crowdes
- David Neumann
Our audit focus was on daily nursing hours paid (worked) and daily census data. We reconciled and corrected the original daily staffing data and census data based on our audit results. We reconstructed payroll and census records for four years (1997-2000). Payroll records were the best available source data that could be used to validate nurse staffing hours.
When we conducted our audit, the facility’s electronic payroll records had been lost or corrupted. The only available payroll records were ‘hard-copy’ records from the patient units and from the outside vendor that had been computing the bi-weekly payroll. In order to reconstruct the direct nursing hours, we began with daily time sheets for all nursing staff and reconciled them to biweekly reports from the external payroll service. We relied on the external payroll records for both hourly and salaried nursing staff. To validate the daily patient census, we relied on internal daily patient logs and other source documents. Finally, we used the reconstructed data to compute the ratio of nursing hours per patient day (PPD) and compared those results to those PPD ratios shown on the MSR.
We identified significant reporting errors in both staffing and census data as originally reflected on the MSR. No other prior research has examined census and staffing reporting errors at this level of detail. The ‘denominator effect’ of census errors has not been previously reported.
We found a 9% average staffing understatement and annual understatements of 4-21% in nursing hours per patient day (PPD). The ‘denominator effects’ of census errors were skewed and not randomly distributed. The highly variable and predominantly one-sided staffing and census adjustments were unexpected and somewhat counter-intuitive. We summarize the evidentiary nature of our staffing and census audit adjustments in several data tables. Improving the accuracy of staffing hours and census will improve analysis and public policy in long-term care. Fraud auditors in any health care setting must be concerned about the reliability of nurse staffing ratios and the PPD ratios. Care must be exercised to validate the accuracy and usability of this prominent staffing ratio.
- Beth McCarron Knipscheer
- Patricia Hardin Mounce
- D. Larry Crumbley *
- ABA, Putting on Mock Trials (includes some sample mock trials)
- Mock trial, Wikipedia.org/wiki/Mock_trial
- Guide to Conducting Mock Trials (http://www.19thcircuitcourt.state.il.us/bkshelf/resource/mt_conduct.htm)
- Rules of Evidence Cheat Sheet
- The Ten Commandments of Demonstrative Evidence in Litigation (Fulcrum Inquiry)
Steps in Conducting a Mock Trial
- Pre-trial preparation of information gathered from different sources by students.
- Courtroom participants: Judge, attorneys, witnesses, jurors, plaintiff, defendant, and a bailiff.
- Beginning the trial, the bailiff announces: "All rise. The Court of the _______________ is now in session; the Honorable Judge ____________ is presiding." Everyone remains standing until the judge enters and takes the bench. The judge asks the bailiff to call the day’s calendar and the bailiff says, "Your Honor, today’s case is _______________vs.________________." The judge asks the attorneys for each side if they are ready to begin the trial.
- The Trial. Each attorney introduces him/herself: "May it please the court and members of the jury, my name is _________, counsel for _________ in this action."
- Attorneys for the plaintiff (first) and the defense (second) deliver their opening statements prepared from studying the facts of the dispute.
- Plaintiff calls each witness until finished calling witnesses and conducts direct examination for each one (direct examination).
- Defense cross-examines the witnesses called by the plaintiff before each witness steps down.
- The defense calls witnesses after the plaintiff rests the case (direct). Plaintiff’s attorney may cross-examine witnesses called by the defense before each witness steps down.
- Defense rests. Preparation of closing arguments.
- Closing arguments in a trial: Plaintiff’s (or Prosecutor) attorney first, then defense.
- Jury instructions if a jury trial. Jury’s verdict. This verdict must be unanimous in a criminal trial, but not in a civil trial.
- The sentence. The judge decides the punishment: jail, money, and/or time of volunteer service in a criminal trial.
Some Mock Trial Topics
- Should Timothy Geithner, current Secretary of the Treasury, be prosecuted, either criminally or civilly, for failure to pay $34,000 and $40,000 in back taxes and interest? Should penalties under Section 6662 be accessed? He prepared his own taxes for 2001 and 2002, but used paid preparers for 2003 and 2004. See Michael Joe, "Finance Committee OKs Treasury Secretary Nominee Geithner," Tax Notes, January 26, 2009, pp. 461-462.
- A lab assistant at Honeybun Inc., Bud Albert, is run over by a train after taking samples from a tank on Honeybun’s premises. The railroad employees are in the process of spotting the train cars in front of numerous tanks. No one saw how the accident happened. This lawsuit is for damages by the spouse of Bud Albert. Pay special attention to the value of the employee’s life. See Butler v. Illinois Central Railroad (Baton Rouge).
- Barry Bonds has pleaded not guilty to perjury and obstruction of justice charges and has been free on $500,000 bond. These charges stem from his 2003 appearance before a federal grand jury probing the distribution of steroids in the San Francisco area. Did Bonds commit perjury and obstruction of justice? [You also can use Roger Clemens or Sammy Sosa. See Topic 9 below.]
- Insider Trading Charges Against Mark Cuban. SEC Litigation Release No. 20810/November 17, 2008.
- SEC v. Whitworth Energy, Resources et al. U.S. District Court Central District of California Western Division (Ponzi Scheme).
- John Q. Auditor, a recent accounting graduate from the University of Cardinals, knew little about auditing liability. Because of a heavy workload, John’s accounting firm provided him with minimal guidance—especially about the risks involved in auditing and reviewing the financial statements of a large corporation with significant accounts receivable. The accounting firm also failed to instruct him on the Statement of Auditing Standards (SAS) 99 in regards to the consideration of fraud in financial statement audits. While auditing the financial statements of a new Louisiana wireless telephone company that had recently gone public, John failed to confirm several large accounts receivable. Most of the accounts he failed to confirm turned out to be fraudulent. These accounts exceeded $4 million and provided the company with a positive net worth. As a result of the unsupervised work performed by John Q., the accounting firm issued an unqualified opinion. The client subsequently used the opinion, along with the fraudulent financial statements, to obtain a $3.5 million loan from a local New Orleans bank. Three months later, the wireless telephone company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the fraudulent accounts were discovered. The bank and the company’s shareholders sued the accounting firm for accounting malpractice.
- A wealthy Baton Rouge client sought estate-planning advice from a midsize accounting firm. The client’s goal was to avoid any "generation-skipping" tax. An accountant, Jane M. Doe, who had little gift and estate tax experience, was asked to attend the initial meeting with the client and was then instructed to complete the appropriate tax forms.
- Bubba Adder, a recent accounting graduate from an accredited university in the south, knew little about
accountants’ liability. Because of a heavy workload, Bubba’s accounting firm provided him with minimal guidance,
other than giving him last year’s workpapers. They failed to instruct him on SAS No. 99.
Bubba mailed confirmations for accounts receivable and the major bank account balances from the client’s mailroom. One of the bank accounts was a $3.4 million Bank of America account in the Cayman Islands, which provided the agricultural business with a positive net worth. As a result of the work performed by Bubba, the accounting firm issued an unqualified opinion. The company subsequently used the financial statements to obtain a $3.2 million loan from a local Baton Rouge bank.
Four months later the agricultural company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and it was discovered that the company had prepared a fake confirmation letter from the BOA bank in the Cayman Islands and mailed it back to the accounting firm (there was no money in the bank). The Baton Rouge bank and the company’s shareholders sued the accounting firm for accounting malpractice.
- Did Roger Clemens take steroids or human growth hormones (HGH)? Did Roger Clemens commit perjury and obstruction of justice in his testimony on February 14, 2008?
- Defamation lawsuit against Oprah Winfrey brought by a former headmistress of a school that Oprah set up in South Africa.
- Criminal trial of R. Allen Stanford accused of operating a ponzi scheme.
- Criminal trial of two computer programmers for Bernard Madoff’s firm, Jerome O’Hara and George Perez. An alternative is to have a criminal trial of the accountant for Madoff.
- Roger Clemens' defamation suit against Brian McNamee.
- Should Charles Rangel, current chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee be prosecuted for failure to disclose rental income from an apartment in Dominican Republic?
- Criminal tax trial against Richard Hatch for the failure to report $1 million of Survivor winnings and $350,000 for professional appearances.
- Criminal or civil tax trial against Tom Daschle for failure to report the free use of a car and driver provided to him by Leo Hindery, Jr., plus about $80,000 of consulting income, and $25,000 in payroll taxes. He paid more than $100,000 in back taxes on January 2, 2009.
- Criminal trial of Sir Allen Stanford (ponzi scheme).
- Criminal/ Civil trial of the New York Mets board member Arthur Friedman, CPA, lawyer who served as liaison to Bernard Madoff's operation. See New York Times, February 21, 2011, A-1, "Met's Owners Guarded an Investment Pipeline." Possibly include Fred Wilpon and Saul Katz.
- Donald J. Bisenius, an executive vice-president at Freddie Mac received a wells notice from the SEC (e.g., an enforcement action against him). Possibly include Anthony S. Piszel (known as Buddy). He was CFO. Bisenius ran Freddie Mac's single family credit guarantee business. Possible action: Possible violations of securities laws in 2007/ 2008.
- Lee Farkas, former chairman of Taylor Bean & Whitaker Mortgage. Alleged $1.9 billion fraud that targeted the government's TARP and contributed to the failure of Colonial Bank. Allegedly conspired to transfer funds between closely held Taylor Bean and Colonial Bank.
- Criminal tax fraud against Bernard Madoff's brother (Peter Madoff) and his two sons, Mark and Andrew.
- U.S. Security and Exchange commission v. Brian H. Stoker, CitiGroup Global Markets, Inc.
- State of Calif. v. George B. Kaiser (Solyndra).
- Lenny Dykstra, Downtown Auto Dealership, Robert Hymers (accountant).
- The Frumpy Bookkeeper, Kinde Durkee, campaign treasurer, California.
- SEC v. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. September 8, 2011. SEC complaint.
- SEC v. Oracle, August 16, 2012. SEC complaint [Prosecution can not say that Oracle settled the charges.]
- Peter Madoff. June 29, 2012. SEC complaint. [Prosecution can not indicate at trial that Peter pleaded guilty.]
- Rita Crundwell Dixon, Illinois.
- SEC v. Kwame M. Kilpatrick. May 9, 2012. SEC complaint.
At that time, the Internal Revenue Service had not issued regulations on the key provisions of the "generation-skipping" tax. Unfortunately, the accountant misunderstood the statute and failed to properly complete and check the appropriate generation-skipping portion of the tax form. A senior partner briefly reviewed the tax form and approved it without revision. As a result of the oversight, the client faced a substantial increase in tax liability and sued the accounting firm for $4 million for accounting malpractice.
Suggestions for Students
- Decide upon your attorney, fact witness(es), and expert witness(es).
- The other side should be told and allowed to depose all witnesses.
- Each person should prepare a written document like "Street Law Mock Trial Preparation after the mock trial."
- Your report may be quite different than the Street Law firm.
- In general, there should be at least one fact witness (e.g., John Q. Auditor, Jane M. Doe, and Bubba Adder), one expert witness, and plaintiff or defendant.
Welcome to a New Editor Dr. Tanweer Hasan at Roosevelt University has become an Editor of the journal with this issue, and Dr. Larry Crumbley is now the Senior Editor. The journal is now jointly sponsored by L.S.U. and Roosevelt University. The Walter E. Heller College of Business Administration offers a Master of Science in Accounting Forensics, which requires seven core courses and three elective courses. To view the program, go to http://legacy.roosevelt.edu/business/msaf.htm
1st Annual Forensic and Investigative Accounting Section Research Conference
May 7-8, 2010, Baton Rouge LA
Support Provided by Louisiana State University’s Department of Accounting The 2010 AAA Forensic and Investigative Accounting (FIA) Section Midyear Conference will be held in Baton Rouge LA at The Lod Cook Conference Center and Hotel, 3848 W. Lakeshore Drive, 1-866.610.COOK, 225.383.2665. The conference will begin Friday afternoon, May 7, at 1:00 and conclude Saturday, May 8 at noon, and feature former Controller of HealthSouth, Aaron Beam. Mr. Beam spent some time in prison for participating in “cooking the books.” He released his book The Wagon to Disaster, on November 1, 2009. www.aaronbeam.net. The Conference will contain plenary sessions, panels, concurrent sessions, and other events through Sunday afternoon. Conference details can be found at http://aaahq.org/meetings/2010FIA_program.htm
Fraud & Forensic Accounting Conference The LSU Department of Accounting will host the 2010 Fraud and Forensic Accounting Conference on Monday, July 19 and Tuesday, July 20, 2010 at the Baton Rouge Marriott Hotel, located at 5500 Hilton Avenue. The conference will feature a mix of nationally known fraud speakers, experienced practitioners and regulators. Participants who attend can earn up to 16 hours of continuing professional education credit for attending the conference, which has a tentative registration fee of $250. Conference details can be found and online registration can be completed at http://www.bus.lsu.edu/fraud/FF2010.asp.
Advertise in the JFIA
Would you like to advertise in this journal? Full page ad is $300. Half page ad is $150. Contact Larry Crumbley (dcrumbl@lsu.edu). Checks to be made out to Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting and sent to Larry Crumbley at 3106A Patrick Taylor Hall, Dept. of Accounting, L.S.U., Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
Books Received
| Fair Value
Measurement: Practical Guidance and Implementation Mark L. Zyla, 2010, 443 pp. John Wiley Hoboken, N.J. |
Welcome to the new world of accounting! While financial
statement preparation once focused on historical cost
information, accounting now involves a judgment as to the fair
value of assets and liabilities. This book demystifies this
topic, offering a nuts–and–bolts guide dedicated to equipping
corporate management, valuation specialists, and auditors of the
most recent developments in preparing financial statements using
fair value measurements. This straightforward book covers the
best practices on measuring fair value in a business combination
and how to subsequently test the value of these assets for
impairment. Mark Zyla clearly shows his experience in this subject, filtering complicated insider concepts into easy–to–understand information on the valuation specialist′s function, the many new FASB pronouncements involving fair value, and the accounting and auditing requirements for fair value reporting. The author instantly familiarizes the reader on the ins and outs of fair value financial disclosure, with coverage of:
|
| Scientific Examination of
Documents: Methods and Techniques David Ellen, 3rd Edition, 2006, 234 pp. CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 |
It takes the proper application of the appropriate methods to
either confirm or disprove the authenticity of a handwriting
sample that appears on a document. The conclusion may mean
substantiating a person’s intent and preventing a fraud. Revised
and expanded to reflect the most recent innovations in the field
of forensic document examination, this third edition explains
the various methods used to scrutinize documents in question. This essential, cutting-edge book begins with an assessment of handwriting techniques, the accidental and deliberate modification of handwriting, and the proper collection of samples. It also reviews traditional and modern typewriting technologies, as well as the analysis of photocopies, incidental marks, the functions of photography in document examination, and courtroom applications. |
| The Big R: A
Forensic Accounting Action Adventure Larry Crumbley, Doug Ziegenfuss, John O’Shaughnessy, 2nd Edition Carolina Academic Press 700 Kent Street Durham, N.C. 27701 919-489-7486, 919-493-5668 Gperkins@cap-press.com |
This novel is a supplementary book to be used near the end of a
forensic accounting, an internal auditing (IA), an auditing, or
fraud examination course. The novel could be used in a graduate
investment class, also. This FA novel would be ideal for a MBA
course or a finance course that has light coverage of
accounting, or could be used in FA's in-house training programs.
An external auditor interested in outsourcing or co-sourcing an
internal auditing function should read this book. This instructional novel mixes baseball, forensic auditing, serial killers, fraud, risks, chemical and biological agents, and scuba diving to get a better way of learning forensic auditing. A certified internal auditor, a forensic accountant, and a FBI agent work together to find serial killers striking at baseball parks. The killers are able to frame Milt Pappas, a former Chicago Cubs pitcher, as the person responsible for the terror. In 1972, Milt Pappas came within one out pitching a perfect game, but according to Pappas, the umpire called at least two strikes balls, resulting in the twenty-seventh batter walking to first base. That umpire was killed in the novel. So put on your baseball cap and pull on your baseball spikes. Enjoy the thrills, excitement, and humor of 17 unique events in baseball history as told to you in an exciting historical fiction. The plot is breathtaking as serial killers strike with impunity. Watch a FBI agent, an internal auditor of the New York Yankees, and a forensic accountant stalk the killers as baseball is traumatized by grizzly murders in various baseball parks. |
| Criminal Interrogation and
Confessions Fred E. Inbau, et al., 4th Edition Jones and Bartlett Publishers 40 Tall Pine Drive Sudbury, MA 01776 |
The authors present techniques that are based on actual criminal
cases and have been used successfully by thousands of criminal
investigators. This practical, step-by-step text is built around
basic psychological principles and examines interrogation as a
nine-step process that is easily understood.
|
|
Cyber Crime
Investigator’s Field Guide |
Many excellent hardware and software products exist to protect
our data communications systems, but security threats dictate
that they must be further enhanced. Many laws implemented during
the past 15 years have provided law enforcement with more teeth
to take a bite out of cyber crime, but there is still a need for
individuals who know how to investigate computer network
security incidents. Organizations demand experts with both
investigative talents and a technical knowledge of how
cyberspace really works. This second edition provides the
investigative framework that needs to be followed, along with
information about how cyberspace works and the tools that reveal
the who, what, when, where, why, and how in the investigation of
cyber crime. This volume offers a valuable Q&A by subject area, an extensive overview of recommended reference materials, and a detailed case study. Appendices highlight attack signatures, UNIX/Linux commands, Cisco PIX commands, port numbers targeted by trojan horses, and more. |
| Money Laundering: A Concise Guide
for all Business Doug Hopton, 2006 Gower Publishing Company Suite 420 101 Cherry Street Burlington, VT 05401-4405 |
Around the world, anti-money laundering regulations and
legislation have become one of the weapons of choice of
governments that are fighting global terrorism and criminality.
Within the UK, the latest regulation, The Money Laundering
Regulations 2003, have extended the range of businesses covered
by the Proceeds of Crime Act to include solicitors, lawyers,
estate agents and, in effect, all companies involved in
consultancy or business services. The complexity of the new law
and the lack of any case law asks more questions about the
responsibilities of these companies and their liabilities. Doug Hopton's highly practical guide explains the basis of International Law, regulations and standards in this area and how they effect businesses, and provides down-to-earth advice on the basic rules of good business management: know your client, know your business (and your client's business), which will help companies understand what procedures to establish, and how and when to report suspicious activity. The author explains the basis of money laundering and how it works, along with the development of the law and regulations around the world, and how other countries' laws can have an effect on companies in the UK. |
| Novel and Conventional Methods of
Audit, Investigation and Fraud Detection Chetan Dalal, 2008 Commerce Clearing House Support@cchindia.co.in |
This author offers an insightful and descriptive account of the
frauds, accounting irregularities and methodologies to detect
them by using a combination of novel and conventional audit
approaches.
The methodologies are clearly and vividly described with extensive case studies and examples. The objective of this book is to provide a practical approach for investigation not only to auditors but for any person entrusted with the task of investigating a white collar crime. The book intends to provide greater awareness of the existence of possible frauds and an insight into structured as well as uncommon methods of fraud detection. It attempts to bring together in one place case studies of certain typical frauds that have been researched and adapted from real life situations. The key features of the book include
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| The Economics of Information:
Lying and Cheating in Markets and Organizations Ian Molho, 1997 Blackwell Publishers 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148 |
Information is a key issue in decision making in economics and
business. Being ‘in the know’ confers strategic advantages to
people, allowing them to lie and/or cheat on their uninformed
opponents. However, it is possible that all sides end up worse
off in such situations, compared with the likely outcome under
full information.
This text is designed to take students through the key issues to give an understanding of the impact of imperfect and asymmetric information in an economic context. At each stage Molho analyses and explains the key points using clear models that set the outcome under imperfect information against that under full information. The book is divided into four major sections covering:
|
|
The Investigative Reporter’s Handbook: A Guide to
Documents, Databases, and Techniques Brant Houston, 5th Edition, 2009, 608 pp., $55.95 Bedford/ St. Martin 75 Arlington Street Boston, MA 02116 |
Forensic accountants can learn from investigative reporters and
vice versa. A forensic accountant is a detective that
understands accounting. An investigative reporter is a detective
that understands research and communication. Published with Investigative Reporters and Editors, Inc. (IRE), this handbook is the best-selling classroom and newsroom classic. Useful as a textbook in advanced journalism courses and as a reference for professional journalists, this book shows students how to use fundamental news reporting and writing skills like gathering sources, tracking information, and interviewing to pursue investigative stories in a variety of beats -- from the government and education to healthcare, the environment and real estate. In addition to discussing the latest techniques and challenges in the profession, the fifth edition is now thoroughly streamlined, making it easier to locate the resources that investigative reporters need to get the story. Good research tool for a forensic accountant. |
|
Investigative
Journalism |
Investigative journalism has helped bring down governments,
imprison politicians, trigger legislation, reveal miscarriages
of justice and shame corporations. Even today, when much of the
media colludes with power and when viciousness and
sensationalism are staples of formerly high-minded media,
investigative journalists can stand up for the powerless, the
exploited, the truth. The author provides an unrivalled introduction to this vital part of our social life: its origins, the men and women who established its norms and its achievements in the last decades. Two chapters describe the relationships with the law, bringing us up to date, and others deal with the professional techniques, the sociology and the teaching of investigative journalism. A further new chapter examines the influence of the blogosphere on investigative journalism. The case studies of the first edition have been supplemented by new chapters: the investigators and methods which revealed the subcontracting of the torture of Iraqi prisoners; how the murder of Stephen Lawrence was treated in the Daily Mail; the tabloids and their investigations; BBC Panorama. |
|
Watchdog Journalism: The Art of Investigative Reporting Stephen J. Berry, 2009 Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016 |
This book takes readers into the world of
Pulitzer Prize reporting. Drawing from intriguing interviews and
archival research, author Stephen J. Berry reveals the drama of
the job and the passion of its practitioners as he narrates the
back stories of six investigative projects that earned the
craft's most coveted honor. |
|
Computer-Assisted Research Nora Paul and Kathleen A. Hansen, 2007, 210 pp. Investigative Reporters & Editors 138 Neff Annex Missouri School of Journalism Columbia, MO 65211 info@ire.org |
Most commercial database services, ones to which you would have
dialed out using a modem to a proprietary server in the past,
now have a Web version. Because of this change, much of the
references in this guide are to Internet/ Web resources. The
section on commercial database services (most on the Web) will
detail some of the changes that have happened in the marketplace
of large data archives and the contents and uses of these types
of services in reporting and research. But because changes in
these services are ongoing and the pricing options they offer
are vast and convoluted, this book does not go into much detail
about those aspects of the services. This guide focuses on the tools and resources of the Internet, for the most part, and try to make comparisons between Internet-accessible resources and the “traditional” information services of the past. |
|
The Evolution of American Investigative Journalism James L. Aucoin, 2007, 242 pp. University of Missouri Press Columbia, Missouri 65201 |
Beginning with America’s first newspaper, investigative
reporting has provided journalism with its most significant
achievements and challenging controversies. Yet it was an
ill-defined practice until the 1960s when it emerged as a potent
voice in newspapers and on television news programs. James L.
Aucoin provides readers with the first comprehensive history of
investigative journalism, including a thorough account of the
founding and achievements of the group called Investigative
Reporters and Editors (IRE). |
|
HealthSouth: The Wagon to Disaster Aaron Beam and Chris Warner, 2009, 208 pp. Wagon Publishing Fairhope, AL 36532 ISBN: 0-9796284-8-2 |
Suppose your boss, saddled with the realization that the Street
expectations cannot realistically be met, asks you to creatively
“fix the numbers.” It’s the toughest decision you’ll ever make,
and one where the easiest way out could be the most difficult,
given the circumstances. Caught squarely between greed and fear, Aaron Beam did the unthinkable. Beam takes the reader from HealthSouth’s humble beginnings, through its meteoric rise to its disastrous revelation, subsequent trial and his three-month incarceration in a federal prison. Moreover, he reveals the nature of the fraud and the true personality of the driving force behind HealthSouth – Richard Marin Scrushy. Scrushy was one of the most enigmatic, nefarious characters of the State of Alabama has ever produced – a hard-charging, unscrupulous visionary whose caustic, Machiavellian approach ensured HealthSouth’s success, and oddly, his predictable fall as the company’s benevolent dictator. |
|
Anatomy of a Fraud: From Detection to Prosecution Stephen Pedneaut, 2010, 194, $49.95 John Wiley & Sons Hoboken, N.J. |
Most fraud cases, especially thefts and embezzlements, never
make it into the public eye. Those that do grab the media's
attention merely report the end result of weeks, months, and
even years of investigative procedures. For experienced and
inexperienced fraud professionals alike, there is little
available to keep abreast of the latest fraud tactics. Providing unparalleled insights into what takes place during a fraud investigation, this book is a valuable resource for a fraud investigator, auditor, or if you simply suspect fraud may be occurring in your organization and aren't sure what to do. This book is a fascinating, insider look at a fraud investigation, designed to help you better understand fraud detection, investigation, and prevention—from the inside out. No detail is too small here, with consideration given to sometimes-overlooked details, including:
|
|
Auditing and Assurance Services K.L. Hooks JohnWiley & Sons, 2011, 926 pp. 111 River Street Hoboken, N.J. 07030-5774 |
Provides an up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the
integrated audit. The author presents auditing from the
perspective of an integrated audit complying with the
requirements of SOX and PCAOB. Excellent chapters on “Audit
Planning and Risk Assessment” and “Understanding Internal
Controls over Financial Reporting and Auditing Design
Effectiveness.” Contains seven pages on forensic auditing and
five pages on fraud. |
